Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): March
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

Determinants for Utilization of Antenatal Care Service's among Pregnant Women Attending Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Bauchi State

Authors

Anas Babangida , Bashir Sulaiman , Saratu Abubakar , Umar Muhammad Salisu

DOI:

10.56566/thrive.v3i1.580

Downloads

Received: 2025-12-29
Accepted: 2026-03-07
Published: 2026-03-30

Abstract

This research conducted to determine the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women attending specialist hospital Bauchi state. Three research objectives and three research questions guided the study. Literature where review on effects of culture on ANC services, socio economic factors on utilization of ANC services and attitudes and health care services on the utilization of ANC services among pregnant women. The study adopted description research survey design and purposive sampling technique was used to select 90 patients from the study area. The instrument used for the data collection was structured questionnaire. 90 questionnaires were distributed to 90 respondents with the help of research assistance. The data collected was analyzed using frequency distribution table and percentage. Based on the research findings, it was revealed that cultural belief of different kind, low socio-economic status and attitude of healthcare providers are factors that influence the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women attending specialist hospital Bauchi. the findings the researcher recommended that the health care provider should help in educating the pregnant women on the need and importance of antenatal clinic attendance, culture and religious belief that can affect health negatively should be discouraged through community mobilization and participation towards factors that are harmful to health. Adequate provision of qualified health personnel to manage the health facilities and health unit should be fully equipped. finally, Government should do much within its limited resources to provide free ANC services at all level of health institutions and to all groups of pregnant women and Community religious, leaders should be involved in promoting ANC services.

Keywords:

Antenatal care (anc) Utilization Pregnant women Cultural beliefs Socio-economic factors Attitude of health workers Specialist hospital bauchi Health services Maternal health Nigeria.

References

Alibhai, K. M., Ziegler, B. R., Meddings, L., Batung, E., & Luginaah, I. (2022). Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations. Conflict and health, 16(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00459-9

Ambaw, Y. L., Yirdaw, B. W., Biwota, M. A., Mekuryaw, A. M., & Taye, B. T. (2022). Antenatal care follow-up decreases the likelihood of cultural malpractice during childbirth and postpartum among women who gave birth in the last one-year in Gozamen district, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Archives of Public Health, 80(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00814-5

Arboh, F., Atingabili, S., Quansah, P. E., Addai-Dansoh, S., & Owusu, E. A. (2026). The impact of authentic leadership on frontline health workers’ safety performance. Discover Public Health, 23(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01414-2

Ardekani, O. S., Letafati, A., Dehkordi, S. E., Farahani, A. V., Bahari, M., Mahdavi, B., ... & Saso, L. (2025). From infection to infertility: a review of the role of human papillomavirus-induced oxidative stress on reproductive health and infertility. European Journal of Medical Research, 30(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025209

Azhar, K., Dharmayanti, I., Tjandrarini, D. H., & Hidayangsih, P. S. (2020). The influence of pregnancy classes on the use of maternal health services in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 372. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08492-0

Bhutada, K., Venkateswaran, M., Atim, M., Munabi-Babigumira, S., Nankabirwa, V., Namagembe, F., ... & Papadopoulou, E. (2024). Factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care in Uganda: a mixed methods systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 24(1), 730. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06938-6

Billingsley, S., Grace, K., & Bakhtsiyarava, M. (2025). Climate change and getting pregnant: a full accounting of conceptions in Armenia and Tajikistan. Population and environment, 47(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-025-00494-7

Black, K., Ølgaard, S., Khoei, A. A., Glazer, C., Ohl, D. A., & Jensen, C. F. S. (2025). The Genetic Landscape of Male Factor Infertility and Implications for Men’s Health and Future Generations. Uro, 5(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro5010002

Craciun, O. M., García‐Ovejero, E., Campbell, F., Montes‐Mota, M., Holdenrieder, S., Trulson, I., ... & Shi, R. (2026). Development of a decision tree diagram for classifying study designs in tumour pathology research: a multidisciplinary approach. The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research, 12(1), e70056. https://doi.org/10.1002/2056-4538.70056

Eke, P. C., Ossai, E. N., Azuogu, B. N., Agu, P. A., & Ogbonnaya, L. U. (2021). Rural-urban differences in utilization of antenatal and delivery services in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(6), 925-936. DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_629_19

Fasina, F., Oni, G., Azuh, D., & Oduaran, A. (2020). Impact of mothers’ socio-demographic factors and antenatal clinic attendance on neonatal mortality in Nigeria. Cogent social sciences, 6(1), 1747328. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1747328

Ghosh, S., Sahu, T. N., & Mallik, G. (2025). Financial Inclusion and Sustainable Development Goals—Unfolding the Association. In Financial Inclusion (pp. 121-152). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-3385-5_6

Goyal, S., Tibrewal, S., Ratna, R., & Vanita, V. (2025). Genetic and environmental factors contributing to anophthalmia and microphthalmia: Current understanding and future directions. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 14(2), 101982. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i2.101982

Hamal, M., Dieleman, M., De Brouwere, V., & de Cock Buning, T. (2020). Social determinants of maternal health: a scoping review of factors influencing maternal mortality and maternal health service use in India. Public Health Reviews, 41(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00125-6

Hernandez, A. F., Shenkman, E., McTigue, K., Kepler, L., Cohen, L. W., Jolles, M. P., ... & Williams, D. A. (2026). PCORnet®: an infrastructure supporting innovation in clinical study design. Medical care, 64(2S), S178-S184. DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002245

Islam, M. A., Sathi, N. J., Abdullah, H. M., Naime, J., & Butt, Z. A. (2022). Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care services during pregnancy in Bangladesh and 28 other low-and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of demographic and health survey data. Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal, 4(1), 19-31. DOI: 10.1007/s44229-022-00001-2

Janaki, S., & Prabakar, S. (2025). Examining the impact of poverty on maternal health: Adverse pregnancy outcomes, contributing factors, and strategies for improvement. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(5), 2025209-2025209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02605-4

Jebena, M. G., Tesfaye, M., Abashula, G., Balina, S., Jackson, R., Assefa, Y., ... & Tushune, K. (2022). Barriers and facilitators of maternal health care services use among pastoralist women in Ethiopia: Systems thinking perspective. Pastoralism, 12(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-022-00236-6

Kirsch, D. E., Belnap, M. A., Kady, A., & Ray, L. A. (2025). A narrative review on alcohol use in women: insight into the telescoping hypothesis from a biopsychosocial perspective. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 51(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2419540

Kisiangani, I., Elmi, M., Bakibinga, P., Mohamed, S. F., Kisia, L., Kibe, P. M., ... & Ziraba, A. K. (2020). Persistent barriers to the use of maternal, newborn and child health services in Garissa sub-county, Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 20(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-02955-3

Kota, K., Chomienne, M. H., Geneau, R., & Yaya, S. (2023). Socio-economic and cultural factors associated with the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Togo: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01644-6

Kumar, P., Chauhan, S., Addai, G., Choudhary, R., Sudan, P., Choudhury, M., ... & Kumar, P. (2026). Valorization of food and agroindustrial wastes—biological transformation. In Food and Agro-Industrial Wastes (pp. 113-128). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-31654-8.00008-4

Lucas, C. G., & Gilles, J. (2025). Multidimensional empirical wavelet transform. SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, 18(2), 906-935. https://doi.org/10.1137/24M1659613

Maalman, R. S. E., Abaidoo, C. S., Cuba, M. L., Darko, N. D., Naabo, N. N., & Asiamah, E. A. (2026). A histomorphological analysis of the effects of Ghanaian alcoholic bitters and natural cocoa powder on the liver and kidney tissues in Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Molecular Histology, 57(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-025-10695-x

Machado, H., Machado, J., Alves, C., Monteiro, M. D. C., Cruz, A., Pinho, C., ... & Criado, M. B. (2025). A Narrative Review on Breast Cancer Treatment Supported by Focused and Systemic Phytotherapy. Nutraceuticals, 5(4), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals5040037

Meeta, M., Anuradha, M., Ashraf, A. B., Aggarwal, K., Digumarti, L., & Singh, T. (2026). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Menopause:* An Executive Summary and Recommendations: Indian Menopause Society 2026. Journal of Mid-life Health, 17(Suppl 1), S12-S116. DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_302_25

Menozzi, E., Meslier, V., Ren, Y., Geiger, M., Macnaughtan, J., Avenali, M., ... & Schapira, A. H. (2025). Microbiome signature of Parkinson disease in healthy and genetically at-risk individuals. medRxiv, 2025-05. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.19.25327907

Merdy, P., Delpy, F., Baratto, G., Plessis, E., & Lucas, Y. (2025). Wastewater treatment plant efficiency and contaminant levels in a Mediterranean coastal area: a comprehensive inventory and assessment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(4), 2191-2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05801-7

Murosko, D. C., Radack, J., Barreto, A., Passarella, M., Formanowski, B., McGann, C., ... & Lorch, S. A. (2025). County-Level Structural Vulnerabilities in Maternal Health and Geographic Variation in Infant Mortality. The Journal of Pediatrics, 276, 114274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114274

Nyabi, E., Oduro, A. A., Agbetsi, R. T., Kyei, S. K., Addai, G., Opoku, F., ... & Agorku, E. S. (2026). Activated clay/Opuntia microdasys incorporated polyvinyl alcohol membranes for fouling mitigation in wastewater filtration. Materials Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MA00423C

Pirritano, M., Buescher, J., Staubach, P., Tacken, T., Yakovleva, Y., Sabura, M., ... & Simon, M. (2026). Exogenous dsRNA made accessible to Dicer by two eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in Paramecium tetraurelia. Communications Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-09443-4

Potiris, A., Moustakli, E., Trismpioti, E., Drakaki, E., Mavrogianni, D., Matsas, A., ... & Stavros, S. (2025). From Inflammation to Infertility: How Oxidative Stress and Infections Disrupt Male Reproductive Health. Metabolites, 15(4), 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040267

Qasim, A., Malik, T., Addai, G., Hatem, S. A., & Alwan, H. H. (2026). Hot-season rise of reflux drum temperature in an atmospheric crude distillation unit: field impacts on overhead corrosion, flare loading, and loss prevention. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 100836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2026.100836

Rahman, A. U., Khan, S. A., Tabassum, R., & Sajid, I. (2025). The Impact of Maternal Health Conditions On the Risk of HIE in Newborns. Indus Journal of Bioscience Research, 3(1), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.472

Rêgo, R. F., Machado, L. O. R., Sentilles, F., Mota, L. D. S. R. D., Lima, V. M. C., Meyer, A., & Northcross, A. L. (2026). Developing epidemiological research in response to an oil spill disaster in Brazil: study design and validation of a questionnaire. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 31, e06482024. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232026311.06482024

Silva, L., & Miano, A. C. (2026). Formulation of Fruit Leathers as Nutritious Snacks: A Review. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 49(1), e70311. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.70311

Vishwakarma, D., Yakubu Indabo, B., & P Ravi, R. (2022). Factors Influencing the use of Antenatal Care Service among Pregnant women in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. Rejoice, Factors Influencing the use of Antenatal Care Service among Pregnant women in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria (September 10, 2022). https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5601430

Wright, B., Blackwell, J. E., Bell, K. J., Teige, C., Mandefield, L., Wang, H. I., ... & Hewitt, C. (2025). Autism Spectrum Social Stories in Schools Trial 2 (ASSSIST‐2): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the Social Stories™ intervention to address the social and emotional health of autistic children in UK primary schools. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 30(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12740

Xu, J., Akezhuoli, H., Zhou, M., Yao, T., Lu, J., Wang, X., & Zhou, X. (2023). Development and evaluation of a culturally adapted digital-platform integrated multifaceted intervention to promote the utilization of maternal healthcare services: a single-arm pilot study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-02033-y

Zambon, M., Myles, P., & Sugaya, N. (2025). Use of influenza antivirals in pandemic response. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 232(Supplement_3), S177-S190. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf307

Author Biographies

Anas Babangida, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University

Author Origin : Nigeria

Bashir Sulaiman, Federal University

Author Origin : Nigeria

Saratu Abubakar, Health College of Health Technology

Author Origin : Nigeria

Umar Muhammad Salisu, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University

Author Origin : Nigeria

How to Cite

Babangida, A., Bashir Sulaiman, Abubakar, S., & Salisu, U. M. (2026). Determinants for Utilization of Antenatal Care Service’s among Pregnant Women Attending Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Bauchi State. THRIVE Health Science Journal, 3(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.56566/thrive.v3i1.580