Agnosia as a Perceptual Disorder: A Neuroanatomical Approach and Classification
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Abstract
The human brain is a complex cognitive system that depends on the integration of various cortical and subcortical networks. Agnosia is a higher-order cognitive disorder characterized by the inability to recognize stimuli despite intact primary sensory function. This literature review aims to summarize the fundamental concepts, classification, neuroanatomy, and diagnostic approaches of agnosia. The literature search was conducted using textbooks and online databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, with relevant keywords, covering publications from 2010 to 2025 in English and Indonesian. Classically, agnosia is divided into apperceptive and associative types and, based on sensory modality, into visual, auditory, and tactile agnosia, each associated with specific lesion locations and possible mechanisms of disconnection syndromes. Understanding the clinical–neuroanatomical correlates of agnosia is important for improving topographical diagnostic accuracy and supporting more appropriate management in clinical practice.
Keywords:
Agnosia Neuroanatomical Perceptual disorderReferences
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