Literature Study: Evaluation of Potential Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a persistent kidney disorder lasting for ≥3 months, characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidneys with or without a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential occurrence of drug-related problems (DRPs) in CKD patients based on previous research findings through a systematic literature review. This study employed a systematic literature review design. The classification of DRPs was conducted using Cipolle et al.’s Classification for drug-related problems (DRPs). From the literature search that met the inclusion criteria, four articles were obtained, involving a total of 311 patients as research samples. The results were presented in both narrative and tabular form to provide an overview of the potential occurrence of DRPs in CKD patients. The distribution of CKD patients showed gender variation but was often dominated by males, with most patients aged from pre-elderly to elderly (>46 years). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most dominant comorbidities. Based on the analysis of the four reviewed articles, the potential occurrence of DRPs in CKD patients varied across categories and percentages. The findings indicated that the most frequently identified DRPs were “ineffective drug” (69.30%), “dose too high” (60%), “ineffective drug” (21.2%), and “dose too low” (68.18%).