Tetanus Toxoid Injection During Last Pregnancy Among Women in Reproductive Age in Nepal
Article Sidebar
Abstract
Tetanus toxoid injection is important as one mandatory vaccine for pregnant women to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. This study purposed to examine the barriers of not receiving tetanus toxoid vaccine among women of reproductive age in Nepal. This study used the secondary data using “Multiple Indicators Clusters Survey” round 6 in 2019. Total sample of this study are 2,494 women of reproductive aged 15 to 49 years. The data analysis was done for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using binary logistic regression. The results in this study revealed that increasing child ever born (CEB) as the main predictor for not receiving TT vaccine, following by higher educational level and wealth index. In conclusion, the TT vaccine is a critical intervention to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. Understanding the determinants of TT vaccination coverage, ensuring accessibility to the vaccine, and addressing knowledge gaps among pregnant women are essential for improving TT vaccination rates during pregnancy.
Full text article
References
Ahmed, A., & El-Berrawy, M. (2019). Factors Affecting Maternal Tetanus Vaccination in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Journal of High Institute of Public Health. 49 (1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.29463
Al-Gethami, H., Altamran, M., Khan, M. S., Zaman, K., & Alswaied, N. (2021). Awareness and Knowledge Towards Pediatric and Adult COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia. Materia Socio Medica. 33 (4), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2021.33.262-268
Anatea, M. D., Mekonnen, T. H., & Dachew, B. A. (2018). Determinants and Perceptions of the Utilization of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Among Reproductive-Age Women in Dukem Town, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 18 (27). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-018-0168-0
Arifin, H., Widiasih, R., Pradipta, R. O., & Kurniawati, Y. (2021). Regional Disparities and Their Contribution to The Coverage of The Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Among Women Aged 15–49 Years in Indonesia. F1000research. 19 (437). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53004.1
Assefa, Y., Hill, P. S., Gilks, C. F., Admassu, M., Tesfaye, D., & Van Damme, W. (2020). Primary Health Care Contributions to Universal Health Coverage, Ethiopia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(12), 894. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.19.248328
Awosan, K. J., & Hassan, M. (2018). Perception and utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women attending a tertiary centre in North-West Nigeria. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2032
Bagalb, A. S., Almazrou, D. A., Albraiki, A. A., Alflaih, L. I., & Bamunif, L. O. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32133
Barrow, A., Barrow, S., & Jobe, A. (2022). Differentials in Prevalence and Correlates on Uptake of Tetanus Toxoid and Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine During Pregnancy: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the Gambia. Sage Open Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211065908
Chanie, M. G., Ewunetie, G. E., Mekonen, A. M., & Muche, A. (2021). Determinants of Vaccination Dropout Among Children 12-23 Months Age in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246018
Coleman, M. A., Dongarwar, D., Ramirez, J., Laracuente, M. L., Livingston, C., Ogu, J., ... & Salihu, H. M. (2022). Factors Impacting Vaccine Uptake during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.21106%2Fijma.554
Dhia, T., & Baiee, H. A. (2017). Knowledge and practice of mothers about antenatal tetanus toxoid vaccination in AL-Hilla City 2015. Journal of University of Babylon, 25(3), 1098-104. Retrieved from https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/c1c555a0e383f3fb
Doraivelu, K., Boulet, S. L., Biswas, H. H., Adams, J. C., Haddad, L. B., & Jamieson, D. J. (2019). Predictors of tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis and influenza vaccination during pregnancy among full-term deliveries in a medically underserved population. Vaccine, 37(41), 6054-6059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.044
Egan, R. C., Chaiken, S. R., Derrah, K., Doshi, U., Hersh, A. R., Packer, C. H., & Caughey, A. B. (2023). Universal Tetanus–Diphtheria–Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141 (4), 837-844. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005103
El-Adham, A., Elnagar, A., & Hashem, S. (2022). Determinants of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Use Among Pregnant Women. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal. https://doi.org/10.21608/tsnj.2022.274217
Enuku, C. A., & Orru, O. (2016). Awareness of tetanus toxoid vaccination by pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in central hospital, Benin City. J Sci Pract Pharm, 3(1), 92-96. Retrieved from https://ojs.stiami.ac.id/index.php/JUMATIK/article/view/1246/643
Gebremedhin, T. S., Welay, F. T., Mengesha, M. B., Assefa, N. E., & Werid, W. M. (2020). Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Errer District, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Biomed Research International. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4023031
Gelaw, T., Ayalew, S., & eyene, K. (2022). Knowledge and Uptake of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Group Women in Hayk Town South Wollo, Ethiopia, Cross-Sectional Study. 12 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.20.22283731
Gessesse, D. N., Yismaw, A. E., Yismaw, Y. E., & Workneh, T. W. (2021). Coverage and Determinants of Protective Dose Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Among Postnatal Women Delivered at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 12 (100814). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100814
Hassan, A. M., Shoman, A. E., Abo-Elezz, N. F., & Amer, M. M. (2016). Tetanus vaccination status and its associated factors among women attending a primary healthcare center in Cairo governorate, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 91(3), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EPX.0000491267.30015.2a
Ibrahim, Z. A., Sabahelzain, M. M., Elhadi, Y. A. M., Malande, O. O., & Babiker, S. (2023). Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. 11 (1268). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0081.v1
Iqbal, S., Ali, I., Ekmekcioglu, C., & Kundi, M. (2020). Increasing Frequency of Antenatal Care Visits May Improve Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage in Pregnant Women in Pakistan. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 16 (7). https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1705693
Islam, U. N., Sen, K. K., & Bari, W. (2022). Living Standard and Access to Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Among Women in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health. 22 (1037). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13448-7
Jamil, N. F., Salih, A. A., Sadiq, M. A., & Ibrahim-MOH, M. (2022). Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Status of Women in Baghdad. Saudi J Med, 7(5), 264-271. DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2022.v07i05.004
Kahn, K. E., Black, C. L., Ding, H., Williams, W. W., Lu, P. J., Fiebelkorn, A. P., & Devlin, R. (2018). Influenza and Tdap vaccination coverage among pregnant women—United States, April 2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(38), 1055. https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6738a3
Kharbanda, E. O., Vazquez-Benitez, G., Lipkind, H. S., Klein, N. P., Cheetham, T. C., Naleway, A. L., ... & Nordin, J. D. (2016). Maternal Tdap vaccination: coverage and acute safety outcomes in the vaccine safety datalink, 2007–2013. Vaccine, 34(7), 968-973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.046
Khodr, Z. G., Bukowinski, A. T., Gumbs, G. R., & Conlin, A. M. S. (2017). Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Acellular Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy And Reduced Risk Of Infant Acute Respiratory infections. Vaccine, 35(42), 5603-5610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.041
Kilich, E., Dada, S., Francis, M. R., Tazare, J., Chico, R. M., Paterson, P., & Larson, H. (2020). Factors That Influence Vaccination Decision-Making Among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plos One. 9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234827
Liang, J. L., Tiwari, T., Moro, P. L., Messonnier, N. E., Reingold, A., Sawyer, M. H., & Clark, T. A. (2018). Prevention of Pertussis, Tetanus, and Diphtheria With Vaccines in The United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 67 (2), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6702a1
Lindley, M. C., Kahn, K. E., Bardenheier, B. H., D’Angelo, D. V., Dawood, F. S., Fink, R. V., ... & Skoff, T. H. (2019). Vital signs: burden and prevention of influenza and pertussis among pregnant women and infants—United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(40), 885. https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6840e1
Liyew, A. M., & Ayalew, H. G. (2021). Individual and Community-Level Determinants of Poor Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia Using Data From 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; Multilevel Analysis. Archives of Public Health. 79 (92). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00622-3
Merritt, T. A., Rasmussen, S. A., Bright, M. A., Roussos-Ross, D., Sims, S. M., Gurka, M. J., & Thompson, L. A. (2020). Variation in Tdap and influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women by insurance type—Florida, 2016–2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(3), 72. https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6903a4
Nguegang, I. N., Nguestop, M., Ze, L. E. E., Mboh, T. A., Omokolo, D. M., Fossi, R. N., Guenou, E., & Ateudjieu, J. (2021). Tetanus Vaccine Coverage in Recommended and More Than Recommended Doses Among Mothers in a West Cameroon Health District: A Cross Sectional Study. Gates Open Research. 4 (46). https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13105.2
Nigussie, J., Girma, B., Molla, A., & Mareg, M. (2021). Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among Childbearing Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Research International. 2021, 5529315.https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5529315
O’Leary, S. T., Riley, L. E., Lindley, M. C., Allison, M. A., Crane, L. A., Hurley, L. P., & Kempe, A. (2018). Immunization practices of US obstetrician/gynecologists for pregnant patients. American journal of preventive medicine, 54(2), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.016
Oduyebo, T., Kortsmit, K., Simeone, R. M., Kahn, K. E., Razzaghi, H., Galang, R. R., Ellington, S., Ruffo, N., Barfield, W. D., Warner, L., & Cox, S. (2022). Influenza and Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2019. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1217686/v1
Razzaghi, H., Kahn, K. E., Black, C. L., Lindley, M. C., Jatlaoui, T. C., Fiebelkorn, A. P., ... & Williams, W. W. (2020). Influenza and Tdap vaccination coverage among pregnant women—United States, April 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(39), 1391. https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6939a2
Sato, R., & Fintan, B. (2020). Effect Of Cash Incentives On Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Among Rural Nigerian Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(5), 1181-1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1672493
Shafiq, Y., Khowaja, A. R., Yousafzai, M. T., Ali, S. A., Zaidi, A., & Saleem, A. F. (2017). Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Related To Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination In Women Of Childbearing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study In Peri-Urban Settlements Of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of infection prevention, 18(5), 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757177416689722
Shaikh, M. A. (2022). Urban Rural Differentials in Spatial Distribution of Pregnant Women Having Received Tetanus Toxoid Injection by District in Punjab: Results From Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements Survey 2014-15. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.72 (2). https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.22-008
Sherley, J., & Newton, S. (2020). The Association Between Area Of Residence And Sufficient Antenatal Tetanus Vaccination In Women Ages 15–49 In Afghanistan: An Analysis Of The 2015 DHS Dataset. Global health research and policy, 5(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00180-1
Teshale, A. B., & Tesema, G. A. (2020). Determinants Of Births Protected Against Neonatal Tetanus In Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis Using EDHS 2016 data. PloS one, 15(12), e0243071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243071
Togora, M., Kpozehouen, A., Saizonou, J., Sossa, C., Ouegraogo, L., & Makoutode, M. (2014). Factors Associated With Low Coverage Of Tetanus-Toxoid Vaccine In Pregnant Women In The Health Zone Zogbodomey-Bohicon-Zakpota, Benin. Le Mali Medical, 29(3), 48-58. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9638-9
Tseng, H. F., Sy, L. S., Ackerson, B. K., Lee, G. S., Luo, Y., Florea, A., & Qian, L. (2022). Safety Of Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination During Pregnancy. Vaccine, 40(32), 4503-4512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.009
Wales, D. P., Khan, S., Suresh, D., Ata, A., & Morris, B. (2020). Factors Associated With Tdap Vaccination Receipt During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional study. Public Health, 179, 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.001
Xu, X., Yu, R., Xiao, L., Wang, J., Yu, M., Xu, J., Tan, Y., Ma, X., Wu, X., Lian, J., Huang, K., Ouyang, X., Bi, S., Wu, S., Wang, X., Jin, J., Yu, L., Zhang, H., Wei, Q., Li, L. (2021). Safety And Immunogenicity Of A Recombinant Tetanus Vaccine In Healthy Adults In China: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Dose Escalation, Placebo‐ And Positive‐Controlled, Phase 1/2 Trial. Advanced Science. 8 (15). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202002751
Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Du, J., Zheng, W., Liu, S., Zhang, X., ... & Jiang, W. (2020). Seroepidemiology of tetanus in Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(11), 2670-2676. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1738170
Yaya, S., Kota, K., Buh, A., & Bishwajit, G. (2020). Prevalence and Predictors of Taking Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of 8,722 Women in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health. 20 (855). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08985-y
Yu, R., Fang, T., Liu, S., Song, X., Yu, C., Li, J., ... & Chen, W. (2016). Comparative Immunogenicity Of The Tetanus Toxoid And Recombinant Tetanus Vaccines In Mice, Rats, And Cynomolgus Monkeys. Toxins, 8(7), 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8070194
Zhang, C., Hu, W., Ma, Y., Li, L., Si, Y., & Zhang, S. (2022). Seroepidemiology of Tetanus among Healthy People Aged 1–59 Years Old in Shaanxi Province, China. Vaccines, 10(11), 1806. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111806
Zhou, F., Lindley, M. C., Lee, J. T., & Jatlaoui, T. C. (2023). Association Between Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and Infant Influenza Vaccination. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 141(3), 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005101
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Ashfaque Raza Mikrani, Marlynda Happy Nurmalita Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.